Holding Wealth or Running a Business? Can Private Foundations Do Both?

The article presents two different models for regulating the scope of permissible activities of foundations. Under one of these models, a private foundation may not engage in economic activity directly, whilst under the other, such activity is permitted. The further implications of each position are also outlined.

Passive Recipients or Active Stakeholders? Competing Concepts of the Beneficiary’s Role in Foundation Law

The article identifies two alternative models for perceiving the role of beneficiaries: either as passive, external creditors of the foundation, or as active stakeholders who are responsible for operating the foundation.